Again, I don’t know how one deals with the fact that the ability to “sample” music comes MUCH later than the music that was being sampled. No one was sitting in studio like “let me license this music so no one can splice parts of it into another song.” It was more like “let me copyright this so that no one else can sell the record, which is mine.”
Sampling is quite clearly, not selling the same record. And the technique and craftsmanship required to integrate a sample is clearly its own work. I cannot say how much I mistrust the Boladian/Bridgeport Records claim to “ownership of music, down to each note in any song. Obviously, if two bands use the same three notes in two different guitar solos, one band would not sue the other.
Bridgeport Records is completely divorced from the concept of music as anything other than a “product.” Sampling feels to me like an overt gesture toward music as “art.” I think of poetry a lot when I think about sampling. T.S. Eliot’s THE WASTELAND is actually a pastiche of other poems and epics. (If I were teaching THE WASTELAND, I would actually have students watch a video like the one by DJ Angelo that we watched, just to get a sense of how many voices poetry tries to reconcile). Poets lift lines all the time [1]

[1] Poetry is tolerant of blatant stealing; that’s not JUST because there is no money in it. It is an art form that recognizes its dependence on history. Meanwhile, stand up Comedians HATE the idea that a joke might be repeated by someone else.

. And of course, there are many highly restrictive forms in poetry that we all love. Sonnets, iambic pentameter, etc — the rhythm and number of lines are exactly the same, only the words change.
So the beef over sampling is a beef over the nature of creativity. The notion that a “new” thing is or must be wholly original is pretty shallow, Originality makes itself against what has already been. Quoting something else, like TS Eliot or Public Enemy, clearly doesn’t turn one work into another. In many cases, it brings the old work into the present, and might even re-contextualize it.